Reports

We study how consumers interact with financial products and services to help identify potential problems in the marketplace and achieve better outcomes for all. Review our reports and analyses to help inform your decisions, policies, and practices. And, see reports that we periodically prepare about the CFPB.

Industry and markets
Published 

Auto Lending to Servicemembers

In this report, the CFPB analyzed loan-level information from six lenders and found that servicemembers experience increased financial risks at many points in auto lending compared to non-servicemembers.
  • Add-on products
  • Auto loans
  • Financial service providers
  • Military Lending Act
  • Research
  • Servicemember Civil Relief Act
  • Servicemembers
Consumer education and empowerment
Published 

2025 Consumer Reporting Company List

This list includes the three nationwide credit reporting companies as well as other consumer reporting companies that focus on certain market areas and consumer segments.
  • Credit reports and scores
Office of Research Publication
Published 

An Introduction to the CFPB’s Rental Payment Data and Analysis

Report provides detailed information on new rental housing payment data with comparisons to external sources.
  • Office of Research Publication
  • Research
Data spotlight
Published 

Behind on Rent? Examining Rental Housing Delinquencies in New Payment Data

Report provides insights on rental housing payment delinquencies using new payment data.
  • Office of Research Publication
  • Research
Office of Research Publication
Published 

Cash-Out Refinances and Paydown Behavior of Non-mortgage Debt Balances

In this report, we investigate the extent to which borrowers of cash-out refinance mortgages pay down non-mortgage debts with extracted equity using an event study around the refinance event.
  • Auto loans
  • Credit cards
  • Credit reports and scores
  • Mortgages
  • Office of Research Publication
  • Research
  • Student loans
Industry and markets
Published 

Repossession in Auto Finance

Report on trends in repossessions in the auto finance industry using data from the auto finance data pilot.
  • Auto loans
Supervisory Highlights
Published 

Supervisory Highlights: Advanced Technologies Special Edition, Issue 38 (Winter 2025)

This edition of Supervisory Highlights concerns select examinations of institutions that use credit scoring models, including models built with advanced technology commonly marketed as AI/ML technology, when making credit decisions.
  • Fair lending
  • Supervision
Data, research, and reports
Published 

2024 CFPB Annual Employee Survey Results

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) administered its 2024 Annual Employee Survey (AES) and is posting the survey results as instructed.
  • Compliance
  • Open government
Issue spotlight
Published 

Issue Spotlight: Home Equity Contracts: Market Overview

With home equity “investment” contracts (HEIs), homeowners get cash up front in exchange for a repayment later. But HEIs can be risky.
  • Mortgages
  • Older Americans
  • Reverse mortgages
Published 

Strengthening State-Level Consumer Protections

Enforcing consumer protection law has long been a state-federal partnership in which the states have often taken the lead.
  • Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
  • Deceptive practices
  • Enforcement
  • Supervision
Office of Research Publication
Published 

Consumer Use of Buy Now, Pay Later and Other Unsecured Debt

Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) loans have grown rapidly in the United States (U.S.) since 2019. This study overcomes this data gap by using a matched sample of BNPL applications and originations for pay-in-four loans from six large BNPL firms (Affirm, Afterpay, Klarna, PayPal, Sezzle, and Zip) with their corresponding de-identified credit records.
  • Financial service providers
  • Office of Research Publication
  • Research
Office of Research Publication
Published 

Flood Risk and the U.S. Mortgage Market

This report looks at flood risk in the southeast and central southwest census regions of the United States, as measured by flood risk data from both the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the First Street Foundation and merge with data from the 2018-2022 Home Mortgage Disclosure Act.
  • Disasters and emergencies
  • Mortgages
  • Office of Research Publication
  • Real estate economics
  • Research
Issue spotlight
Published 

Issue Spotlight: Social Security Offsets and Defaulted Student Loans

Forced collection of Social Security benefits increasingly pushes borrowers into poverty and hardship, undermining the purpose of the Social Security program.
  • Debt collection
  • Older Americans
  • People with disabilities
  • Research
  • Retirement
  • Student loans
Data spotlight
Published 

The Financial Security of Small Business Owners: Evidence from the Making Ends Meet Survey

This report provides new insights about the financial security of small business owners using questions about business ownership in the Making Ends Meet Survey.
  • Business loans
  • Office of Research Publication
  • Research
To Congress
Published 

College Banking and Credit Card Agreements

Pursuant to the CARD Act, the CFPB’s College Banking and Credit Card Agreements report monitors financial products offered through colleges, specifically deposit and prepaid accounts and credit cards.
  • Banking
  • Credit CARD Act
  • Credit cards
  • Data
  • Financial service providers
  • Partnerships
  • Prepaid cards
  • Research
  • Student loans
  • Students
Supervisory Highlights
Published 

Supervisory Highlights, Issue 37 (Winter 2024)

This is the 37th edition of Supervisory Highlights. This edition of Supervisory Highlights covers recent supervisory findings in the areas of deposits, furnishing, and short-term small dollar lending.
  • Deceptive practices
  • FCRA
  • Overdraft
  • Supervision
Issue spotlight
Published 

Issue Spotlight: The High Cost of Retail Credit Cards

Retail credit cards, which tend to be more accessible to consumers with lower credit scores, can pose heightened risk for consumer harm.
  • Credit cards
Issue spotlight
Published 

Issue Spotlight: Homeowners face problems with mortgage companies after divorce or death of a loved one

Some people become homeowners following divorce or the death of a spouse. CFPB rules and federal housing program guidelines require mortgage servicers to help these homeowners in a timely way. CFPB complaints suggest that some mortgage servicers are making it difficult for surviving spouses and other homeowners to get the help they need.
  • Mortgage servicing
  • Mortgages
Data spotlightData spotlight
Published 

Data Spotlight: Credit card cash advance fees spike after legalization of sports gambling

Credit card cash advance fees and interest rise as online sports betting grows.
  • Credit cards
Office of Research Publication
Published 

2023 Mortgage Market Actiity and Trends

This Bureau report describes 2023 mortgage market activity and trends using data reported under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA).
  • Access to credit
  • Data
  • HMDA reporting
  • Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
  • Mortgages
  • Office of Research Publication
  • Research
Industry and markets
Published 

Medical Collections on Credit Reports in Native American Communities

Consumers in Native American communities disproportionately experience medical debt in collections on credit reports.
  • Credit reports and scores
  • Debt collection
  • Medical debt
  • Native communities
  • Research
  • Rulemaking
To Congress
Published 

Semi-Annual Report of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

Spring 2024 Semi-Annual Report of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
  • Open government
Office of Research Publication
Published 

An analysis of the first seven months of the federal student loan return to repayment

CFPB report on how federal student loan borrowers have fared with the end of the payment pause and the return to repayment.
  • Data
  • Office of Research Publication
  • Research
  • Student loans
Office of Research Publication
Published 

Making Ends Meet in 2024: Insights from the Making Ends Meet Survey

The annual Making Ends Meet survey report highlights new trends in household financial stability.
  • Access to credit
  • Credit cards
  • Data
  • Financial well-being
  • Office of Research Publication
  • Research
  • Survey methodology
To Congress
Published 

Annual Report of the CFPB Student Loan Ombudsman

2024 Student Loan Ombudsman annual report, with an analysis of student loan borrower complaints and policy recommendations.
  • Consumer Financial Protection Bureau
  • Consumer complaints
  • Data
  • Debt collection
  • Everyone has a story
  • Private Education Loan Ombudsman
  • Student loans
  • Students